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Explore our latest reports and pieces
Industrial policy is undergoing a deep shift: once dominated by climate goals, it is now increasingly driven by national security and geopolitical concerns. This transformation is evident both in policy justifications and policy tools. While many Western governments have aggressively embraced this new paradigm, the EU remains more cautious. Whether Europe will stay the course or adopts the emerging strategic consensus remains to be seen.
ArcelorMittal’s retreat from a flagship green steel project signals deeper trouble for the sector. Once hailed as a climate solution, green steel now faces rising costs, closed markets, and waning political focus. Without scale, stable investment conditions, and sustained policy backing, green steel may never take off.